Perched on Baidi Mountain along the northern banks of the Yangtze River, the White Emperor City, also known as Baidi City, stands as a captivating destination at the threshold of the Three Gorges. This historical site offers an unmatched viewpoint to admire the grandeur of Kuimen, immortalized on the reverse of China's ten-yuan note. Over the centuries, renowned poets like Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Su Shi have graced Baidi City with their presence, drawing inspiration from the majestic Kuimen and earning the city the title of Poetry City. Their poetic tributes, infused with the splendor of nature, have attracted calligraphers and artists who have left behind a legacy of exquisite artworks.
Beyond its poetic charm, Baidi City boasts a rich military history. Originally named Ziyang City, its strategic location rendered it both impregnable and formidable. General Gongsun Shu, a supporter of Wang Mang, recognized the city's tactical significance and established a military presence there. Renamed Baidi City in 25 A.D. after Gongsun Shu assumed the title of the White Emperor, the city faced wartime destruction, prompting Gongsun Shu's descendants to erect the Baidi Temple in his honor.
Known by various names such as White Emperor Temple, Baidi City, or Baidi Cheng, the White Emperor City in Fengjie County, Chongqing, marks the gateway to the renowned Three Gorges. Notably, it is famed for the tale of Liu Bei entrusting his son Zhuge Liang, making it a must-visit stop on a Yangtze River Three Gorges Cruise. Perched on Baidi Hill at the western entrance of the Qutang Gorge, this area, steeped in ancient conflicts, holds significant historical importance. The exhibition halls within White Emperor City showcase local culture through calligraphy, paintings, and historical exhibitions, offering visitors a glimpse into the region's rich heritage. Moreover, the city provides an unparalleled view of Kuimen, depicted on the 10-yuan note.
Legend has it that the area was once enveloped in a mysterious white mist, exuding a serene yet enigmatic aura befitting an emperor. Warlord Gongsun Shu is said to have witnessed the appearance of a white dragon here, leading him to declare himself Emperor of Chengjia, thus founding the White Emperor City.
In 222 A.D., Liu Bei, the first king of the Shu Kingdom, retreated to White Emperor City following a defeat to the Wu Kingdom. In a palace he named Yong An (Eternal Peace), Liu Bei succumbed to sorrow, entrusting his regime and son to his prime minister Zhu Geliang at what is now known as the Liubei Entrusted Orphanage.
White Emperor City stands as a testament to Liu Bei's final days, leading to the creation of Tou Gu Hall to preserve the historical legacy of the Three Kingdoms. Despite enduring periods of destruction, the temple was restored in 1871 during the Qing Dynasty and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017. The city's exhibition hall houses a treasure trove of cultural relics spanning from the Neolithic era to the Qing Dynasty, offering a glimpse into the region's rich heritage. Notably, structures like the Wuhou Temple and Viewing Pavilion from the Qing Dynasty stand as enduring symbols of the city's legacy.
While modest in size, White Emperor City abounds with attractions for visitors. Tougu Hall, Mingliang Palace, and Guanxin Pavilion are must-see sites, offering a glimpse into the city's rich history. Additionally, the city provides the best vantage point to admire Kuimen.
Tougu Hall stands out as a highlight of White Emperor City, showcasing a poignant scene depicting Liu Bei's entrusted Orphanage before his passing. The touching story of Liu Bei entrusting his son to Zhu Geliang has been passed down through generations, honoring Zhu Geliang's loyalty and integrity.
The Mingliang Palace, built to commemorate Gongsun Shu, who founded White Emperor City, reflects a period of peace amidst chaos. While parts of the palace's exhibition were damaged during the cultural revolution, visitors can still appreciate the exquisite craftsmanship on display.
Within the Stele Forest of White Emperor City, visitors can stroll amidst scenic surroundings and marvel at over 70 remarkable calligraphic works dating back to the Sui Dynasty over 1300 years ago. Noteworthy among these are steles featuring a Tang Dynasty poem handwritten by Emperor Kangxi and a poem carving shaped like a bamboo painting.
A prominent scenic spot in White Emperor City, the view of Kuimen offers a breathtaking panorama, reminiscent of the scene depicted on the Chinese 10-yuan note. Visitors often pause at the viewing platform to capture the real view alongside the iconic imagery.
The best times to visit the White Emperor City are from March to May and from September to November. During these periods, the weather is pleasantly cool, and the scenery is breathtaking, particularly with the striking red leaves of the Qutang Gorge in November and the lush greenery of spring.
Spring and Autumn (March-May and September-November): These seasons provide cool and delightful weather, perfect for exploring the White Emperor City and the Qutang Gorge.
Winter (December to February): Despite the lower temperatures, the crisp air and tranquil atmosphere add to the charm of the White Emperor City, making it a suitable choice for visitors who enjoy peaceful surroundings.
Upon entering through the main gate of the White Emperor City, it is recommended to start by exploring the ancient city walls before visiting attractions such as the White Emperor Temple and Tuo Gu Hall. Along the way, visitors can appreciate the historical architecture of the White Emperor City and the stunning views of the Yangtze River.
