Longmenhao Old Street is situated in the central section of Nanbin Road, beneath the Dongshuimen Bridge, encompassing an expansive area exceeding 180,000 square meters. While the locale has undergone recent reconstruction, its historical roots trace back over a millennium. Longmenhao stands out as one of Chongqing's oldest and most meticulously preserved old streets, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich tapestry of port culture, cultural artifacts, and Bayu heritage.
This historic thoroughfare encapsulates the very essence of Chongqing's cultural legacy, serving as a beacon of historical and cultural significance. Dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty, Longmenhao emerged as a pivotal wharf and administrative hub for Sichuan Province, then encompassing Chongqing, following its relocation from Chengdu. The port played a crucial role in facilitating the transportation of agricultural goods, military provisions, and porcelain across the Yangtze River to its northern bank through the Longmenhao Port.
Under the reigns of Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing (1736-1820), Longmenhao's waterfront burgeoned into a bustling pier of strategic importance, accommodating ferry services for pedestrians. The Xianfeng era of the Qing Dynasty (1851-1861) witnessed the influx of foreign settlers on the South Bank. By March 1, 1891, entrepreneurs from Britain, France, Japan, the United States, and Germany converged upon Longmenhao, establishing businesses, factories, and opulent villas, thus transforming the area into Chongqing's inaugural Western Industrial Center. The Commercial Port of All Nations emerged as the pioneering hub for Chongqing's nascent industrial endeavors.
During the tumultuous period of the War of Resistance against Japan, Chongqing ascended to the status of China's wartime capital, prompting Longmenhao to host foreign embassies and consulates amid a flourishing commercial landscape that witnessed a surge in population.
In 1890, as Chongqing embraced globalization, Longmenhao earned the distinction of being China's premier inland port, heralding a new era of maritime commerce with ships docking at its quays. The streets thrived with bustling trade, vibrant eateries, eclectic shops, and diplomatic missions.
The etymology of "Hao" stems from the water area demarcated by the riverbank's moraine. Legend has it that during the Shaoxing era of the Song Dynasty, the characters "Long Men" inscribed on a rock in the Yangtze River would emerge during the dry season when water levels receded, giving rise to the moniker, Longmenhao.
While the docks and wharves have yielded to modern development, replaced by contemporary infrastructure, the original pier sites have transformed into roads. Towering above, the Dongshuimen Bridge connects the Ba'Nan district to the Yuzhong peninsula, heralding the emergence of a sprawling urban landscape. However, Longmenhao has recently undergone reconstruction, reverting to its traditional architectural style and form.
A visit to Longmenhao beckons travelers to savor the meticulously restored old-style streets adorned with traditional architecture. While it may lack the antiquated charm of locales like Ciqikou or Longxing Ancient Town, Longmenhao offers a tranquil respite from the urban bustle. Wander along its quaint streets lined with shops, museums, and eateries, and immerse yourself in the array of entertainment options nestled within this picturesque enclave.
